ГДЗ по английскому языку 8 класс Ваулина, Дули, Подоляко, Эванс - ответ страница 46
Авторы: Ваулина Ю.Е., Дули Д., Подоляко О.Е., Эванс В.
Серия: Spotlight
Тип книги: Учебник
Год: 2016-2025
Премиум
3c Grammar in Use
Mistakes that worked
Have you ever made a mistake that actually turned out to be something good? Believe it or not, a lot of things we use every day are the result of accidents! Here is one of these amazing stories!
Scottish scientist Alexander Fleming had been experimenting with bacteria for a long time before he made his most important discovery in 1928. Being a very sloppy scientist, he used to leave his culture plates all around his messy lab and then forget about them. One day, he noticed that there was some mould on one of the bacteria samples he had left by an open window. He took a closer look and saw that there was nothing around the mould. This made him realise that the mould was able to destroy harmful bacteria. He had discovered penicillin.
Since then, his discovery has helped millions of people around the world recover from illnesses caused by bacteria.
1. Read the theory. Are there similar structures in Russian? Find examples highlighted in the text abouve.
We use the Past Perfect (had + past participle) for
• a past action which happened before another past action. He had left when Jane called.
• a past action which finished in the past and whose results were visible in the past. She was upset because she had failed her test.
We use the Past Perfect Continuous (had + been + -ing form) to put emphasis on the duration of a past action which finished before another past action. He had been driving for three hours before he reached the village.
The Past Perfect Continuous is the past equivalent of the Present Perfect Continuous.
He had been waiting for the bus for half an hour before it arrived.
(He wasn't waiting for the bus at the moment described.)
He has been waiting for the bus for half an hour. (He's still waiting for the bus.)
2. Use the words in brackets to write sentences, as in the example.
1 She went to her dad's office, but he wasn't there, (he/go/out) ► He had gone out.
2 When Sue came back home, the floor was clean, (her sister/mop/floor)
3 John didn't want to eat. (he/already/have/lunch)
4 We invited Ann out, but she couldn't come, (she/arrange/ to go out with/parents)
5 Helen asked Laura to go to the cinema with her, but she refused, (she/see/film/before)
6 When Tom arrived, Stella was angry, (she/wait/for an hour)
7 He met everyone but Sue. (she/already/leave)
8 Sally was tired, (she/work/on the computer/all morning)
3. What had/hadn't you done by the age often? Make sentences.
► By the age of 10,1 had acted in some school performances. By the age of 10,1 hadn't started learning English.
4. Complete the gaps with the Past Perfect or the Past Simple.
1 A: ..... (you/manage) to catch the 8 o'clock train last night?
B: No, It ..... (already/leave) when I ..... (get) there.
2 A: What (Helen/do) when she ..... (arrive) home?
B: Well, she ..... (make) something to eat and then she ..... (go) to bed.
3 A: Why ..... (Sarah/be) so upset last night?
B: Before she ..... (come) to find us, she ..... (get) in a fight with her sister.
4 A: ..... (the children/see) their father yesterday?
B: No. By the time he (drive) back from the city, they .... (already/fall) asleep.
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